Tài liệu Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán điều trị, phục hồi chức năng đối với trẻ bại não

BỘ Y TẾ 
HƯỚNG DẪN CHẨN ĐOÁN 
ĐIỀU TRỊ, PHỤC HỒI CHỨC NĂNG 
ĐỐI VỚI TRẺ BẠI NÃO 
(Ban hành kèm theo Quyết định số /QĐ-BYT ngày / /2020 của Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế) 
(Hướng dẫn về Ngôn ngữ trị liệu) 
Hà Nội, năm 2020 
Tài liệu này được xây dựng với sự hỗ trợ của USAID trong khuôn khổ 
Dự án Tăng cường “Chăm sóc Y tế và Đào tạo Phục hồi chức năng” 
do Tổ chức Humanity &Inclusionthực hiện. 
MỤC LỤC 
Danh mục chữ viết tắt ........................................................................................................................ 1 
1. Giới thiệu ........................................................................................................................................ 3 
1.1. Sự cần thiết phải có các Tài liệu Hướng dẫn ................................................................................ 3 
1.2. Đối tượng của các Tài liệu Hướng dẫn ......................................................................................... 3 
1.3. Mục đích của Tài liệu Hướng dẫn ................................................................................................. 3 
1.4. Tuyên bố ý định ............................................................................................................................ 4 
1.5. Theo dõi và cung cấp dịch vụ ....................................................................................................... 4 
1.6. Bại não là gì .................................................................................................................................. 5 
1.7. Mô tả bại não................................................................................................................................. 5 
1.8. Các tình trạng sức khỏe phối hợp ................................................................................................. 7 
1.9. Các công cụ phân loại ................................................................................................................... 8 
1.10. Ngôn ngữ trị liệu là gì ............................................................................................................... 13 
2. Các lộ trình và các nguyên tắc của Phục hồi chức năng .......................................................... 15 
2.1. Giới thiệu .................................................................................................................................... 15 
2.2. Quy trình phục hồi chức năng ..................................................................................................... 16 
2.3. ICF .............................................................................................................................................. 17 
2.4. Chăm sóc lấy người bệnh và gia đình làm trung tâm ................................................................. 20 
2.5. Bình đẳng giới trong sức khỏe .................................................................................................... 22 
2.6. Tổ chức dịch vụ phục hồi chức năng .......................................................................................... 22 
2.7. Các nhóm đa chuyên ngành và tiếp cận nhóm liên ngành .......................................................... 26 
3. Quy trình Phục hồi chức năng .................................................................................................... 28 
3.1. Thực hành dựa trên chứng cứ trong Bại não ............................................................................... 28 
3.2. Các chiến lược phòng ngừa và bảo vệ thần kinh ........................................................................ 28 
3.3. Chẩn đoán, Lượng giá, Tiên lượng và Đặt mục tiêu ................................................................... 29 
3.4. Xử trí rối loạn vận động .............................................................................................................. 34 
3.5. Chỉ định kỹ thuật trợ giúp và thích ứng (Adaptive and Assistive Technology – AAT) ............. 34 
3.6. Xử trí các khiếm khuyết giao tiếp ............................................................................................... 35 
3.8. Xử trí khó nuốt - Khó khăn ăn, uống, nuốt và chảy nước bọt..................................................... 43 
3.9 Xử trí những tình trạng khác đi kèm với bại não ......................................................................... 51 
3.10. Nhu cầu phục hồi chức năng trong suốt cuộc đời ..................................................................... 57 
3.11. Hỗ trợ Bố mẹ, Gia đình và Người chăm sóc ............................................................................. 58 
4. Hỗ trợ và giám sát thực hiện Tài liệu Hướng dẫn này trong bệnh viện ................................. 60 
Thuật ngữ .......................................................................................................................................... 62 
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