Bài giảng Industrial safety and environemental hygiene

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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND 
ENVIRONEMENTAL HYGIENE
Vietnam National University – HCMC
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Faculty of Resource & Environment
Lecturer: Dr. TRAN BICH CHAU
Email: tbchau@hcmus.edu.vn
02/2016
Chapter 1:
Common issues of labor safety 
Vietnam National University – HCMC
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Faculty of Resource & Environment
Lecturer: Dr. TRAN BICH CHAU
Email: tbchau@hcmus.edu.vn
02/2016
3/3/2016
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Terminology 
WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT ??? 
“An accident is an
unplanned & uncontrolled
event which causes or is
likely to cause an injury”.
New view: “An accident is any unplanned
event that results in injury or ill health of
people or damage or loss to property, plant
materials or the environment or loss of a
business opportunity”
Accident 1
• A 37 years old
man had both 2
legs clamp in the
soil grinder.
• With the help
form doctors, two-
thirds of the
victim’s body was
taken out of the
machine, but 1 leg
was still stuck in
the machine.
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Accident 2
This worker was rolled up by a bulldozer while working
WHAT IS A NEAR MISS ???
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Terminology 
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Definition
7
Terminology 
• A “near miss” is an unplanned event that did 
not result in injury, illness or damage - but 
had the potential to do so.
• Sometimes called a “near hit” or “close call” 
– signals a system weakness that if not 
corrected could lead to significant 
consequences in the future.
Watch examples and do 
discuss
1. What are the misktake of 
the workers in this video 
clip?
2. What would be the right 
things to do in these case?
Terminology 
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Watch examples and do 
discuss
Terminology 
1. What are the mistake of 
the workers in this video 
clip?
2. What would be the right 
things to do in these case?
HAZARD 
• Anything or condition with the potential
to cause harm
• A hazard takes many forms: chemical,
electricity ..
Terminology 
Activity: Can you name some hazards 
in your daily life?
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HAZARD
Terminology 
Source Example of Hazard Example of harm
Object Knife Cut
Substance Benzene Leukemia
Material Asbestos Mesothelioma
Source of energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips, falls
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice/Task Hard rock mining Silicosis
Could you see this hazard ???
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Hazards include any force that is strong 
enough to cause injury in an accident
Exercise 1: Spot the trip hazards
Terminology 
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Solutions:
HAZARD
Terminology 
• Question: Will exposure to hazards in the
workplace always cause injury, illness or
other adverse health effects?
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RISK ???
Terminology 
Risk: chance or probability that a person will be
harmed or experience an adverse health effect if
exposed to a hazard.
Example: the risk of developing cancer from
smoking cigarette
Terminology 
Influence factors of risk include:
• how much a person is exposed to a hazardous 
thing or condition,
• how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a 
vapour, skin contact), and
• how severe are the effects under the conditions 
of exposure
RISK ???
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• Hazard: the possible consequences (e.g.,
lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease
from cigarette smoking).
• A Risk: a probability or likelihood of
developing a disease or getting injured
HAZARD AND RISK ???
Terminology 
Exercise 2: Hazard recognition
What’s wrong 
with this picture?
 Do not overextend or
twist body
 Use proper lifting
techniques
 Ask for assistance in
lifting heavy items
 Use proper posture
while working
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Incident Ratio Model – Heinrich’s 
Theory
Serious Injury or Death
Minor Injury
1
29
300
3,000
Most Accident 
Investigations 
Conducted
Few Investigations
Conducted
Biggest 
percentage 
of injury
causing 
potential!
Near Miss 
Unsafe Acts, Behaviors or Conditions
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Terminology 
What is PPE ??? 
• Equipment that creates a barrier 
against workplace hazards
• Examples include hard hats, 
goggles, gloves, and hearing 
protection
• A temporary measure
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Safety harness
Welding helmet
Full face shield
Cut-resistant GlovesAnti vibration gloves Ear plug
Terminology 
Examples of PPE
WHAT IS UNSAFE ACT ???
Terminology 
Unsafe act – performance of a task or other activity that is conducted 
in a manner that may threaten the health and/or safety of workers.
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UNSAFE ACT
Terminology 
UNSAFE ACT
Terminology 
What is 
wrong ???
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UNSAFE CONDITION ???
Terminology 
ACT -- Condition
Examples
- Inadaquate guards or barrier
- Congestion for restricted action
- Poor house keeping
- Hazardous environment condition
- Noise exposures
UNSAFE CONDITION ???
Terminology 
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Electricity and Water is a Dangerous 
Combination
Does the picture show that
the man is performing an
unsafe act or that the man is
working in unsafe condition?
UNSAFE ACT or UNSAFE CONDITION ???
Terminology 
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Exercise 3: Hazard and unsafe act recognition
What’s wrong with 
this picture?
Exercise 3: Hazard and unsafe act recognition
What’s wrong with 
this picture?
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Where have we been so far?
- Accidnent
- Near miss
- Hazard
- Risk
- Unsafe Act
- Unsafe condition
- PPE
What Next?:
Labor safety