Giáo trình Thương mại điện tử căn bản - Chương 5: Ứng dụng thương mại điện tử trong doanh nghiệp

Churcmg 5 
ONG DUNG THUONG MAI Dim T6 
TRONG DOANH NGHIEP 
5.1. Xay dung hg thong thuong mai dintir trong doanh nghib 
Cong nghe thong tin la tap hgp cac phucmg phap khoa hoc, ding nghe 
va cong cu ky thuat hien dai de san xuAt va truyen dua, thu thap, xir 13'/, luu 
trit va trao doi thong tin so. (Khoan 1 — Dieu 4 — Luat Cong nghe thong tin 
nam 2006). 
He thing thong tin hieu theo nghia rang la tap hop va ket hop cila cac 
phan cimg, phan m6m va cac he mang tniyen thong dugc xay chmg va sir 
dung de thu thap, tao va tai tao, phan phii va chia se thong tin nham phvc 
vu cac muc tieu cua t6 chirc. 
Hinh 5.1: Cac thinh phlin ciia HTTT 
Ngu On: Foundations of Information System, D.S.Yadas 
197 
Chirc nang cita he thong thong tin bao gOm: 
- Nhap dit 	 thu thap va nhan dir lieu dt xir 1Sr. 
- Xir 15r du 	 chuytn d6i du lieu thanh thong tin c6 nghia v6i nguoi 
sir dung. 
- Xuat thong tin: phan phei thong tin dtn nhfing nguOi hoac hoat d6ng 
can sir dung thong tin do. 
- Luu frit thong tin. 
- Cung cap thong tin phL hOi: nhim ho trg qua trinh kit'm tra, danh gia 
lai va hoan thien he thong. 
5.1.1. Lieu trir wesbite thwang mai dien tir 
5.1.1.1. MOt so phi:mg phap ltru trir website 
Ban chat cua website la tap hop cac trang web (webpages) clued clang 
cac trang web san CO (cac trang tinh) hoac cac trang web dugc to ra tir cac 
tai nguyen va co sa du lieu (cac trang dOng). Luu frit website la mot trong 
cac van de quan trang nit& cua thucmg mai dien tir. 
Viec ltru trir website thucmg mai dien tir bao gom ca km frit dir lieu 
(thong tin vt doanh nghiep, san xuat, kinh doanh, khach hang...), he thong 
phan m'em xir ly cac giao dich dien tir (mua ban trirc tuy6n, quan 1ST hoa don, 
dich vu khach hang...) va nhitng nOi dung khac tren website (catalogue dien 
tir, bao cao, tai nguyen s6...). Thy theo quy mo cita he thong thucmg mai 
dien tir ma so luting, cAu hinh dm he thong may chii can sir dung a luu 
cac website thuong mai dien tir se khac nhau. 
Hien nay, ca mOt s6 phuong phap co ban dt km tra cac website thucmg 
mai dien tir nhu sau: 
- Tv dku tv mua cac may chit ve lap dat tai co sO cua doanh nghiep, 
thue chuyen gia thitt ke va xay dung he thong mang ciing nhu cai dat cac 
phan mtm can thitt dt quan tri he thong may chit cua doanh nghiep. 
+ Nhugc ditm: Chi phi dau to xay dung he thOng may chit dm rieng 
doanh nghiep rat lan, vt co ses ha tang, vt may m6c, thitt bi, chi phi thue 
thitt ke he thong va quan tri he thong sau nay. D giam thitu chi phi ha 
tang, doanh nghiep co tht van dL to may chit nhtrng thue cht) de dat may 
198 
chit tai cac nha cung cap dich vg nay. Nhu vay, tranh dau to xay dung cac 
phimg may chit von có tieu chuan ky, thuat rat cao va tranh thud duong 
truyen rieng de ket n6i den cac may chi' cua minh. Cach lam nay van dam 
bao dugc bi mat thong tin cila doanh nghiep do cac may chit dugc ltru giti 
tai cac phimg dugc bao mat cao. Hien nay, tai Viet Nam, he th6ng may chit 
cua cac ngari hang, twang dai hoc, hai quan, thud... thu6ng dugc to xay 
dung va van hanh ben trong t6 chirc. 
+ iru diem: Mire dO an toan ciia thong tin va chit dOng trong van hanh 
he th6ng ciing nhu nang, cap, ma rang sau nay. Ben canh do, kha nang to 
xay dung, quan he thong may chit thucmg mai dien tir cimg la mOt nang 
luc canh tranh quan trong cua cac doanh nghiep khi tham gia kink doanh 
dien tir. 
- Thue may chit cua cac nha cung cap dich vu (thud chti tren mOt may 
chit hoac thud mOt s6 may chit). Theo dO, cac doanh nghiep tra phi a co the 
sir dung mOt phan dung lugng 6 ding teen may chit de km trir website hoac 
thud mOt s6 may chit cua nha cung cap dich vu a sir dung. CO the sir dung 
ket hop hinh thirc nay vai hinh thirc tren. Thom chi nhiing doanh nghiep 
hang dau trong thucmg mai dien tir nhu Google ding thud ngoai dich vu luu 
tit website. 
+ Lru diem: Cac chi phi xay dung co s6 ha tang, lap at dtrimg truyen, 
duy tri va quan tri cac may chit do nha cung cap dich vu thuc hien. Doanh 
nghiep chi phai tra phi thud dich vu hang thang. Doanh nghiep tan dung 
dugc duong truyen t6c dO cao cua nha cung cap dich vu. 
+ Nhugc diem: Mirc dO bao mat thong tin khong dugc bao dam do 
doanh nghiep khong kiem soat hoan toan flitting may chit km trir th8ng tin 
cua minh. Do do, phucmg phap nay thu6ng phii hop vori cac he th6ng thucmg 
mai dien tir nh6, cac website chi co chirc nang giai thieu, quang ba san 
pham, dich vu... chua có chirc nang thanh toan truc tuyen va cac chirc nang 
cao cap khac nhu phan tich dit lieu (data mining) hay chia se thong tin giita 
cac d6i tac (B2B integration). 
5.1.1.2. Duemg Internet thud rieng (leased line Internet) cho cac may chi.' 
Khi doanh nghiep mu6n xay chmg he th6ng may chit cua rieng minh va 
he th6ng nay (tat tai trung tam ltru tru dit lieu dm doanh nghiep thi doanh 
199 
truyen nay con cao, chua phu hgp v6i phan' lam cac doanh nghiep vira va 
nho hien nay. 
Bang 5.1: Danh sach cac nha cung cap d ...  kho dir 
lieu ve thOng tin san pham dich vu cua doanh nghiep voi cac khach hang 
385 
tren toan the giai, cac loai duimg truy'en ph6 bien hien nay la kenh thue 
rieng (Leased-line), dich vu Internet bang thong rOng (ADSL),... 
Dau tu he th6ng may chi', not se- cai dat cac chuang trinh img dung, hru 
trir dir lieu de phuc vu cho hoat &Ong kinh doanh, viec dau tu nay c6 the la 
tu dAu tu hoc thue 1ai cua cac nha cong cap dich vu (hosting). 
Thue mot ten mien gan chat vai thucmg hieu cua citing ty, gan chat voi 
muc dich hoat dOng kinh doanh cua cong ty, de quang bd thong tin phuc vu 
cho viec kinh doanh. 
Dau tu phan mem cho he th6ng thuang mai dien tir (nhu website), cac 
phan mem hO trg bao g6m ca cac phan mem dich vu, cac phan mem quan tri 
ca sa du lieu,... 
Cac ytu t6 tao thanh he th6ng thucmg mai dien ta nay c6 quan h0 mat 
thiet vai nhau va phu thuOc ran nhau. Do do de trien khai thuang mai dien to 
can tim hieu ky cac yeu t6 de tranh dau tu lang phi. 
Bai thuv himh: cai d'a't WI sir dung mQt so phAn mem CRM 
Sugar CRM la phan mem quan ly quan he khach hang t6t danh cho cac 
cong ty tam c6 vira va nho. Rieng d6i vai VN, gia cua cac giai phap phan 
mem luon la van de hang dau thi Sugar CRM that sir la giai phap t6t khong 
chi d6i voi cong ty tam vaa va nho ma con thiet cho Ca cong ty km. 
Phan mem CRM (CRM Software) that su tra thanh can thiet khi cac 
doanh nghiep phat trien a mire kha nhanh va kip nhan ra khach hang quen 
thuOc la ngu6n lqi ca ban ciia hg. Vai chuang trinh SugarCRM, cong ty that 
sir co kha rang lam t6t cau thanh ngit "Khach hang la thugng de" vai mac 
dau tu thap. 
Cac phien ban du ciia Sugar CRM chay tren PHP va ca sa der lieu 
MySQL. Hien nay Sugar CRM software co them phien ban hO trg ca sa der 
lieu MS SQL va Oracle. 
He dieu hanh ho trg: 
• Linux. 
• Windows. 
• Mac OS. 
386 
Cac Module chinh: 
• Sales Management 
• Marketing Automation 
• Customer Support 
• Reporting capabilities 
• Collaboration 
• Administrative tools 
Hlnh 5.18. PhA'n mem Sugar CRM 
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Nguan: Tac gia t(t tang Ivp 2010 
Cac tinh ?fang nal trOi: 
• Da ngon ngtl. (NgOn ngu ti6ng Viet Bang chi cong ang Open source 
ngued Viet g6p sire). 
387 
• Da ngugi dung, phan cap nguai dung, chia se th6ng tin a clang. 
• Giao dien web than thien, tinh nAng phong 
• Quart ly tap trung. 
• Themes thay d6i giao dien. 
• Khong chi quan ly khach hang, ma con quan ly ca khach hang tiem 
!fang va cac di./ an tiem 'tang (leads). 
• Quan ly khach hang khong dirng lai a mire thong tin lien lac, ma con 
ltru tru v'e cac th8ng tin khac nhu cac cu6c gAp mat da dien ra, cac chit de a 
trao d6i cling nhu len lich hen yen khach hang nhu the nao, Nhang thong 
tin nay có the chia se cho cac &Ong nghiep de dang. Do do, teamwork dugc 
thuc hien tot va hieu qua. 
• Chia se tai lieu, bao gia gitra cac d6ng nghiep. 
• Quan ly lich hen. 
• Quan ly chin dich. 
• Quan ly chu trinh lam viec. 
• Th8ng bao cac tinh hung (Alert). 
• CO module b6 sung cho quan ly dIr an. 
• CO plug-ins tich hop vao Microsoft Outlook. 
Clic phien ban: 
• Enterprise Edition 
• Professional Edition 
• Appliance (tich hop nhu mot phAn cimg, chit doanh nghiep mua ve la 
dung ngay) 
• Open Source Edition 
• Ngoai ra, chit doanh nghiep có the sir dung phAn mem nay cling co the 
triL khai tren chinh host dm sugarCRM von chi phi hang nam phi thu6c 
vao s6 lugng users va tinh nang. 
• D6ng th&i, Sugar CRM cling nhan customize cac module theo yeu cAu 
cita khach hang. 
De trien khai CRM software von chi phi thap nhat, phien ban Open 
388 
Source dm SugarCRM la lira ch9n hiOu qua va hgp 1Y. Chit doanh nghip 
chi can bo ra chi phi cho chuyen gia to van, chi phi huAn luy'e'n sir dung cho 
nhan vi'en voi 1 server cL hinh du manh la da c6 th6 tan dung sirc manh cua 
mOt CRM software r6i! 
Cau hal on tap 
1. Phuang phap SDLC la gi? Hay neu cac btrac tin hanh cua phuang 
phap SDLC. 
2. Phucmg phap thir nghim la gi? Hay neu cac bugc tin hanh caa 
phucmg phap thir nghiOm. 
3. So sanh phucmg phap SDLC vOi phucmg phap thir ngh*n. 
4. Phucrng phap phat triOn img dung nhanh la gi? Hay neu cac buoy tin 
hanh cua phucmg phap thir ngh*n. 
5. Hay neu uu va nhugc di6'm cua phuang phap phat triO'n nhanh 
6. May chit web la gi? Neu mOt s6 dac di6m dm may chit web. 
7. Neu mOt s6 loci may chit web ph6 bin hiOn nay. 
8. Hosting la gi? Neu mOt s6 nha cung cap dich vu hosting ph6 bien 
tren the gioi va tai Vi'0 Nam hiOn nay. 
9. Neu dac di6m va chirc nang cua mOt s6 website thuang mai diri 
10. Hay neu nhang thanh phan chinh cua mOt website mua ban hang 
trvc tuyen. 
Thuat ngit 
Leased-line: Kenh truytn Internet rieng. 
ADSL: Dich vu Internet bang thong rOng, &rang truy'en bAt doi ximg 
c6 t6c di) tai xu6ng cao(co the dat tad 4Mbps), toc dO tai len thAp(khoang 
640Kbps). 
ERP (Enterprise Resource Plane): He th6ng quan lY ngu6n luc doanh 
389 
nghiep, cho phep cac doanh nghiep quan ly cac ngutm lye nhu sir dung 
nguyen phu lieu, nhan 
MPEG, MPEG1, MPEG2: la cac chuAn, dinh dang ve km tr phim 
so. 
ISP(Internet Service Provider): Nha cung cap dich vu Internet, nhu 
dui:mg truy'en Internet, dia chi IP, N th6ng ten mien, N th6ng to tri,... ngoai 
ra, hien nay cac nha cung cap dich vu con cung cap them cac dich vu nhu 
km trir web, cho thue may 
Website: la tap NT c6 to chirc, ket cAu cua cac trang sieu van ban, 
hoac cac trang script de tao ra cac trang web linh &Ong c6 lien kat yeti nhau, 
va duqc dat du6i mOt ten mien nao d6, nham cung cap cac dich vu nhu gi6i 
thieu san phArn, hang h6a, gion thieu cung ty, cung cap dich vu mua ban 
hang qua mang,... 
IP (Internet Protocol): La giao thirc Internet, cho phep cac may tinh 
co the thiet lap lien ket de trao d6i thong tin to thiet bi mang nay den thiet bi 
mpg 
Dia chi IP: La mOt s6 co cL true 32 bit, thms:mg duqc bieu dien duai 
dang 4 s6 thap phan cach nhau bai dau chAm (dot decimal). N6 cho phep 
xac dinh duy nhAt cac thiet bi lien ket mang. 
DNS (Domain Name System): He th6ng ten mien, no cho phep 
chuyen d6i tir dia chi IP sang mOt ten mien de cho viec truy nhap, quang ba 
cac trang web duqc tra nen a dang hon. 
Internet: La mpg ket not cac thiet bi tren pham vi toan cau, cung cap 
cac tai nguyen dung chung, hoac cac dich vu khac tren nen mang may tinh. 
HTML (Hypertext Markup Model Langues: La ngO'n ngu danh dAu 
sieu van ban, no cho phdp the hien cac van ban, hinh anh, am thanh len tren 
mOt trang de tao ra sir linh hoat cua nOi dung thong tin. 
ASP (Active Server Pages): La mOt ngon ngft lap trinh web, no cho 
phdp cac lap trinh vien tao ra cac trang web &Ong bang cach truy xuAt thong 
tin ducic hru tray trong co sec dir lieu. ASP la mOt nem ngu lap trinh dam 
390 
gian, c6 cu phap gi6ng nhu nen ngir lap trinh Visual Basic, va no chay ten 
moi tn.dyng he dieu hanh Windows dm hang Microsoft von phan mem may 
chi' Web IIS tich hop s'an trong he ditu hanh Windows. 
Middleware: Phan mem trung gian, c6 nhiem vq ktt not gifra cac he 
th6ng vai nhau. Vi du, no c6 the la phan mem trung gian de truy nhap co sa 
dir lieu, sau do cung cap cho cac chucmg trinh img dung, nham ngan chin 
viec truy nhap du lieu trIsc tip nguad dung, tranh nhting raft ro do bi tan 
cong vao co sdf du lieu hoic cac 18i phat sinh khong ditu khitn ducfc. 
Virus may tinh (computer virus): la cac phan mem duqc gin theo cac 
phan mem khac, ducfc kich boat khi cac phan mem kia boat &Ong va gay hai 
cho cac phan mem khac. 
May chii co. soy dii lieu (database server): may chi' ten do cai dit cac 
phan mem quan tri co so eta lieu. 
N§i dung Ong (dynamic content): cac nOi dung tren trang web duqc 
hinh thanh va thay d6i tuy theo cac yeu eau dm ngu&i sir dung trang web 
thong qua cac chucmg trinh duqc lap sin. 
Trang web Ong (dynamic page): mot trang web c6 cac nOi dung 
&Ong. 
Nein ngfr lap trinh JSP (Java Server Page): nem ngu lap trinh dung 
vitt cac img citing cho may chi' do hang Sun Microsystems xay Ong 
Thiet bi can bang tai (Load-balancing switch): mgt thiet bi trong 
mang may tinh theo doi mirc dg tai teen cac may chi' gin vai thitt bi nay (be 
chuytn mach) va c6 chirc rang chuytn cac lung thong tin ye web den cac 
may chi' con c6 nhieu kha nang phuc vu nhat. 
Phan mem ma nguan mir (open source software): phAn mem duqc 
phat trien bai mgt cong dtmg cac nha lap trinh duqc cung cap tren mang de 
I/10i nguoi download va sir dkIng mien phi. 
Nein ngfr lap trinh PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor): ng8n nil lap 
trinh web a viet cac irng dung cho may chd nham tao ra cac trang web 
Ong. 
391 
Lenh ping (Packet Internet Groper): lanh diau lchian chay mOt 
churcmg trinh nham kiem tra tinh trang kat not giita cac may tinh kat not vai 
nhau qua mang n(i hoc Internet. 
Trung tam may chit (Server farm): noi dat cac may chit, thtkrng có 
diau kin va trang thiat bi rat tot va an Wan 
Phan mem (Binh cho may chit (Server software): phan mem cai dat 
tren cac may chit cho phdp truy cap vao cac file va chtrang trinh tren may 
chit tir cac may tinh khac trong mang. 
Trang web tinh (Static page): trang web dugc viat bang neon nil 
HTML clang dcm gian, nOi dung kilo có kha nang thay d6i khi da dua len 
mang. 
Men true mang ba kfrp (Three-tier architecture): N th6ng mang xay 
dImg tren nan tang he th6ng mang hai lop client/server nhung dugc ba sung 
them cac img dung de cung cap ca thong tin khong có dang HTML len may 
chit khi can thiat. 
May chit io (Virtual host): cac may chit "ao" dugc tao ra tren mOt 
may chit thIrc 
May chi, dug dyng (Application server): may chit trung gian kat not 
gifra may chit nOi bO doanh nghiap va Internet. 
Nha cung cap dich vu tag dung (Application service provider): mOt 
website cung cap cac dich vu ho trg quan ly nhu quan tri tai chinh, san xuat, 
email... va thu phi. 
Phan mem quail tri nei dung (Content management software): 
phan mem dugc sir dung de quan ly kh6i lugng Lan cac thong tin nhu van 
ban, do hga, file dir liau... trong kinh doanh. 
Phan mem quart tri quan hg khich hang (Customer relationship 
management software): phan mem thu thap cac du lieu ve khach hang, 
nhung du lieu nay sau do dugc phan tich de dua ra cac quyet dinh trong 
kinh doanh. 
Khai tithe de lieu (Data mining): phan tich de tim ra cac thong tin an 
giau ben trong cac du lieu. 
392 
Hg dying cd soy (lir lieu phfin tan (Distributed database system): ca 
s6 du lieu trong he th6ng thong tin lan có lint tit the du lieu gi6ng nhau tai 
nhieu vi tri dia 15, khac nhau. 
Phlin mem quan !Si tri fink (Knowledge management software): 
phan mem giup ding ty thu thap va quail ly cac thong tin, chia xe thong tin 
gift nhang ngu6i sir dung, tang cu6ng kha nang phi hgp va luu gift nhang 
tri thirc nay a tiep tpc sir dung trong tuang lai. 
Ma ngulin mir (open source): ma ngu6n mien phi cho cac phan mem. 
Cling ngh0 tilling tin (IT) plan cimg va phan mem may tinh sir ly va 
hru gicx chi lieu ding nhu IA ding nghe truyen thong giiip chuyen giao du 
lieu 
Plan mem ring dung (Application software) tat ca chuang trinh dugc 
viet ra nham thuc hien mOt nhiem vu nao do cim nguoi dung may tinh. Vi 
du chuang trinh may tinh tinh luang, thong tin kho hang. 
Cfic plan (module) lA mot phan cua phan mem thuc hien mot hoac 
nhieu chirc nang. Nhang thay doi caa mOt module se anh huong tai cac 
module khac caa phan mem. 
Thin nghi'On (Protytyping) mOt ban mk ban dau cim he th6ng dugc 
xay dung nhanh va dua cho ngu6i dung dimg thir va nhan xet ve nhang thay 
d6i Wham cai thien san pham hon 
Yong diYi Oat trien h0 thOng (SDLC) phucmg thirc truyen th6ng ma 
cac chuyen gia ve he th6ng thong tin sir clung de phat trien irng dung may 
tinh mo7. SDLC bao g6m ba giai clop: l'A'p ke hoach, xay dung va trien khai 
He thOng (Systems) la tr9n b6 cac b6 phan di lien quan vai nhau va 
phai Ihm viec cling vai nhau de dat dugc nhang muc tieu chung 
Phan tich va thiet ke h0 tilting (Systems analysis and design) cac 
hoat dOng chinh dugc lien hAnh bai cac chuyen gia he th6ng thong tin dugc 
xem IA mOt phan cua phuong thirc trien khai va phat trien he th6ng. 
Thiet ke tin dung chung (JAD) cac ky thuat ma ngu6i dimg ding vai 
cac chuyen gia he thong th6ng tin dm ra cho he th6ng 
393 
Phat trier' ling dung nhanh (Rapid application development) la 
phucmg thirc phat trien he th6ng dua tren su ket hop dm phucmg thirc 
SDLC, thir nghiem, ky thuat JAD. He th6ng thir nghiem cu6i ding se la he 
thiing duqc trien khai. 
Quin tri thong tin (Knowledge management) chia se va chuyen d6i 
thong tin trong to chirc nham tang cuCmg hieu biet va cai thien hoat dOng 
cua doanh nghiep hay not cach khac do la qua trinh va chitin lugc de nhan 
ra, tao ra, gianh lAy, t6 chirc, chuyen d6i thong tin nham gitip ca nhan va 
doanh nghiep co the canh tranh ten thi truang. 
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